The term ‘stagnation’ was coined by the Gorbachevian discourse of the perestroika era to describe the situation in the Soviet Union from 1964-1985

The term ‘stagnation' was begat by the Gorbachevian talk of the perestroika period to depict the circumstance in the Soviet Union from 1964-1985, under the guidelines of Brezhnev, Andropov and Chernenko. The affirmation of ‘apparent' stagnation recommends some vagueness from the beginning with respect to the real circumstance in the USSR. In reality, some have recommended that the term is too shortsighted †this thought is particularly stated by Edwin Bacon and Mark Sandle in their ongoing reexamination of the Brezhnev period. In any case, when Gorbachev came to control he alluded to a ‘pre-emergency's circumstance in the Soviet Union. Without a doubt, the ‘stagnation' time saw social, monetary and social changes which prompted some disintegration in the USSR's circumstance, yet improvement was not so much avoided, surely not for the entire time frame, hence to state that the Soviet Union was very nearly emergency by 1985 can unquestionably be challenged. Besides, the idea of ‘changes' is confusing when the time is set apart by incredible conservatism. Therefore, there are numerous variables to banter in conversation of the declaration that ‘the time of obvious stagnation saw crucial social, monetary and social changes which by the mid 1980s had carried the Soviet Union to the skirt of emergency'. The monetary circumstance by the mid 1980s is maybe the most impressive for recommending the USSR skirted on emergency. It appears to be improbable that the whole ‘stagnation' time frame to monetary emergency for at first, acknowledgment that the economy was doing gravely and assurance to accomplish equality with the USA, prompted Kosygin's 1965 change program. Be that as it may, this was ended because of concern, reinforced by occasions in Czechoslovakia in 1968, that financial change could animate requests for political democratization †monetary conservatism would from there on shape the period. The two boss parts of the economy were agribusiness and industry. From one perspective, horticulture got a lot of budgetary use, empowering costs to be held down, animating utilization and the yield of rural products increments 1976-801. Be that as it may, there were basic blemishes in the framework: sponsorships were a weight for the state, nor did they stop the requirement for grain imports; moreover, the failure to manage climate conditions prompted grievous harvests 1979-812. Proceeded with movement to the towns was additionally dangerous. Disappointment was formally perceived in 1982 with the acquaintance of a Food Program with ease food deficiencies, however as indicated by Bialer, it was similarly wasteful in moderating the problem3. Bialer illustrates industry. While contending that at first ventures and creation levels expanded, as time went on, hinder set in4. Basically, Bialer suggests this was unavoidable considering the absence of progress in modern policy5. Thus, in spite of the fact that Keep perceives moves towards logical administration, he focuses on these had for all intents and purposes finished by the mid 1980s because of wasteful assets and hesitance of big business supervisors to adapt6 †inactivity encompassed the framework from all points. As he states, ‘hoarding stocks, ‘storming' at month's end, and a hesitance to develop would stay normal for the Soviet modern scene until the time of perestroika'7. Maybe emergency by the mid 1980s was shown by Japan's take-over as the world's second biggest maker of modern products and services8 †considering the USSR's point was to progress as a superpower, this was destroying. At long last, wastefulness appeared to be unavoidable when, notwithstanding expanding non-attendance by the mid 1980s and high work turnover, disciplines, for example, sacking, didn't exist to forestall it. From one viewpoint, to state that the economy was very nearly an emergency is debateable. There had been some enduring upgrades: development of the information handling industry, an expansion in power and extensions in the rail organize and the car industry9 †there was not really all out stagnation of the economy. Harrison contends that by the mid 1980s it wasn't right to denounce the economy for it was all the while developing, in spite of a more slow rate, government spending and incomes were controlled, and inflationary weights were small10. In any case, even he recognizes that ‘alarm chimes were at that point ringing in the Kremlin when Brezhnev died'11. In general, the monetary circumstance by the mid 1980s uncovers that negative changes had happened as the period advanced. Hold focuses to a few factors by the mid-1980s which could cause a ‘pre-emergency circumstance, for example, a declining pace of profit for capital speculation prompting a more slow pace of GNP and modern yield, and a declining pace of gross mechanical extension. 12 Furthermore, individuals had more cash than they had products to purchase, causing purchaser disappointment and expanded reserve funds. Additionally, the shadow economy was unsettling, particularly as regardless of administrative organs to manage it, it was progressively endured, maybe demonstrating the state's affirmation that their endeavors would not settle the economy. At last, monetary improvement was smothered under Brezhnev in view of his pledge to guard spending and his inability to change the framework by looking after centralisation. Without change, regardless of whether not skirting on emergency, most likely the USSR was out and about †as Gooding states, ‘disaffection had not yet gone to revolt. Except if the financial propensity were switched, be that as it may, emergency was inevitable'13. The equivalent was to be the situation under Andropov and Chernenko. From one viewpoint, Andropov accepted monetary development fundamental: his measures were to incorporate a stepping down on non-attendance and low creation. Be that as it may, as per Service, ‘probably he didn't wish to wander far along the course of reforms'14. Practically speaking, albeit mechanical yield had expanded by 5% from 1982-3, and the estimation of grain by 7%15 and in spite of the fact that, as Harrison contends, development log jam had halted by 198316, Andropov's alert kept him from prompting crucial change that could turn around the danger of an emergency. At long last, Chernenko's present moment of office got no improvement the financial circle. That social change carried the USSR to the skirt of emergency by the mid 1980s is debateable. Right off the bat, work and expectations for everyday comforts must be analyzed. The ‘social contract', whereby the specialist had an inadequately paid at this point, consequently, secure and simple work-life, may have prompted monetary wastefulness, in any case, as Hosking states, ‘as a social system†¦ functioned admirably enough'17 †it made fulfillment and steadiness for a great part of the period. In any case, a change happened when the agreement separated by the mid 1980s, undermining solidness. Gooding credits this to the way that individuals would respond if the system vacillated on its guarantee of a superior standard of life and ‘by now it was difficult to conceal that the time of consistent improvement in expectations for everyday comforts had ended'18 †deficiencies were across the board and, as he contends, while the underground market facilitated the predicament, it featured the level individuals needed to go to survive19. One significant improvement was that, because of rural appropriations, by the mid 1980s the rustic urban hole had limited as laborers turned out to be vastly improved off. Gooding likewise focuses on that since workers were given inside visas and government assistance benefits, ‘the system had finally put them on an equivalent balance with other citizens'20. Keep focuses on that ‘socially and socially the bay remained wide'21, henceforth the resettlement to towns. By the by, the up-side was that undeniably society got modern, prompting Edwin Bacon's idea of ‘social upheaval' with ‘an progressively ‘modern' society†¦. urbanized, instructed and professionalised'22 †ignorance had to a great extent vanished and training improved. Notwithstanding, these upgrades were to act naturally compelling as the framework demonstrated incapable to suit such headways in light of the fact that the flexibly of occupations for an undeniably propelled populace was contradictory. A few different components show changes that could be regarded as adding to a potential emergency. A falling pace of populace development in certain areas by the mid 1980s was stressing similar to the declining future, connected to the under-prepared medical clinics and ineffectively prepared specialists. Keep likewise expresses that the occurrence of genuine ailments expanded 1980-85, for example, red fever which rose by 21%23. The issue of liquor, incidentally exacerbated by the state's pledge to its creation, was serious: Keep expresses that from 1980-5 recently announced instances of liquor dismalness expanded by 10%24 and, as a reason for truancy, wrongdoing and abusive behavior at home, it made social change in a few regards. The ‘stagnation' time frame additionally observed increments in separation, wrongness and fetus removal †markers of a destabilizing family circumstance, however a few endeavors were made to relieve such emergencies in 1981 with star natalist estimates, for example, improved maternity leave, making, as indicated by Keep, a recuperation in the birth rate in the mid 1980s25. Generally speaking along these lines, social change during the ‘stagnation' time frame presents a blend of components, making it hard to attest absolutely that it carried the USSR to the verge of emergency. From one perspective, Keep and Hosking point to aggravations that happened because of conditions, for example, lodging and food supplies. In any case, that they comprised emergency is questionable as turmoil was not sorted out and worker's organizations were obliged by the state. While Keep focuses to police and gathering controls, he likewise contends that a great many people had a lot to be cheerful about26. In reality, all through a significant part of the period a great many people lived better than they had previously: as indicated by Gooding, in spite of deficiencies, meat milk and margarine were increasingly copious, enhancements had been made with respect to purchaser merchandise, for example, TVs, and despite the fact that housin

Mysteries Surrounding Creutzfeldt

How to Live Every Day Like Youre on Vacation

How to Live Every Day Like Youre on Vacation Vacation Mind “We’re on vacation!” my father would shout, whenever he made a choice to spend money on a normally extravagant purchase. Whether or not we were actually on vacation, his pronouncement would signify that financial caution was being thrown to the wind in service of whimsy and pure fun. Doors opened wide and anything seemed possible in those moments. I inherited my father’s sense of vacation-induced freedom. On a recent trip to Portland, I watched myself not only making unusual purchases, but also engaging in activities that I might not otherwise entertain. I got up early my first day to go hiking by myself in the rain. I bought food from food carts. I drove 2 hours to spend one night at Breitenbush Hot Springs. I bought a chocolate blackberry tart at a famous bakery. I chased sunsets. Although I also kept up with my work schedule, my mindset was definitely one of being on vacation. Beginner’s Mind When I returned home to Madison, I kept my sense of adventure with me. While I certainly won’t do this every day, I bought a treat from a well-known bakery a few blocks from my house that I had never before patronized. I tried out a restaurant I’ve been wanting to go to for many months, and that I have passed by literally hundreds of times in the last 7 years. It’s like I came back home with a “beginner’s mind,” ready to discover the new in the familiar of my life. Wherever You Go One of the items welcoming me home was a children’s book by Pat Zietlow Miller, Wherever You Go. The story, wondrously illustrated by Eliza Wheeler, is replete with metaphor as it examines the comings and goings of roads. Literal roads, like the roads we follow in life, can take us pretty much anywhere, allowing us to explore and connect in adventurous ways. They allow us to take a vacation from the routines we fall into in our daily lives. And then, for those of us lucky to have one, roads take us home. I find myself wondering: Why should coming back to “where the heart is,” mean we no longer take opportunities to zig and zag? To cross bridges, climb mountains, and chase clouds? Yet this is often how we experience home. Adventures at Home As I was showing pictures of my Portland trip to some of my yoga friends, while quietly drinking tea at my favorite studio in Madison, they marveled at the beautiful sunsets I had captured on my smartphone. They were oohing and aahing over the last sunset image when I pointed out the caption: “Sunset over Lake Mendota.” That picture was from before my trip. Lake Mendota is right here where I started, in Madison, Wisconsin. To be sure, I don’t have to go far to create life adventures. And the next time I see the colors of the sunset brimming, I will gleefully shout “I’m on vacation!” and go chase after them.

A Sociological Understanding of Moral Panic

A moral panic is a widespread fear, most often an irrational one, that someone or something is a threat to the values, safety, and interests of a community or society at large. Typically, a moral panic is perpetuated by the news media, fueled by politicians, and often results in the passage of new laws or policies that target the source of the panic. In this way, moral panic can foster increased social control. Moral panics are often centered around people who are marginalized in society due to their race or ethnicity, class, sexuality, nationality, or religion. As such, a moral panic often draws on known stereotypes and reinforces them. It can also exacerbate the real and perceived differences and divisions between groups of people. Moral panic is well known in the sociology of deviance and crime and is related to the labeling theory of deviance. Stanley Cohens Theory of Moral Panics The phrase moral panic and the development of the sociological concept is credited to the late South African sociologist Stanley Cohen (1942–2013). Cohen introduced the social theory of moral panic in his 1972 book titled Folk Devils and Moral Panics. In the book, Cohen describes how the British public reacted to the rivalry between the mod and rocker youth subcultures of the 1960s and 70s. Through his study of these youth and the media and public reaction to them, Cohen developed a theory of moral panic that outlines five stages of the process. The Five Stages and Key Players of Moral Panics First, something or someone is perceived and defined as a threat to social norms and the interests of the community or society at large. Second, the news media and community members depict the threat in simplistic, symbolic ways that quickly become recognizable to the greater public. Third, widespread public concern is aroused by the way news media portrays the symbolic representation of the threat. Fourth, the authorities and policymakers respond to the threat, be it real or perceived, with new laws or policies. In the final stage, the moral panic and the subsequent actions of those in power lead to social change in the community. Cohen suggested that there are five key sets of actors involved in the process of moral panic. They are the threat that incites the moral panic, which Cohen referred to as folk devils, and the enforcers of rules or laws, like institutional authority figures, police, or armed forces. The news media plays its role by breaking the news about the threat and continuing to report on it, thereby setting the agenda for how it is discussed and attaching visual symbolic images to it. Enter politicians, who respond to the threat and sometimes fan the flames of the panic, and the public, which develops a focused concern about the threat and demands action in response to it. The Beneficiaries of Social Outrage Many sociologists have observed that those in power ultimately benefit from moral panics, since they lead to increased control of the population and the reinforcement of the authority of those in charge. Others have commented that moral panics offer a mutually beneficial relationship between news media and the state. For the media, reporting on threats that become moral panics increases viewership and makes money for news organizations. For the state, the creation of a moral panic can give it cause to enact legislation and laws that would seem illegitimate without the perceived threat at the center of the moral panic. Examples of Moral Panics There have been many moral panics throughout history, some quite notable.  The Salem witch trials, which took place throughout colonial Massachusetts in 1692, are an oft-mentioned example of this phenomenon. Women who were social outcasts faced accusations of witchcraft after local girls were afflicted with unexplained fits. Following the initial arrests, accusations spread to other women in the community who expressed doubt about the claims or who responded to them in ways deemed improper or inappropriate. This particular moral panic served to reinforce and strengthen the social authority of local religious leaders, since witchcraft was perceived to be a threat to Christian values, laws, and order. More recently, some sociologists have framed the War on Drugs of the 1980s and 90s as an outcome of moral panic. News media attention to drug use, particularly use of crack cocaine among the urban black underclass, focused public attention on drug use and its relationship to delinquency and crime. The public concern generated through news reporting on this topic, including a feature in which then-First Lady Nancy Reagan participated in a drug raid, shored up voter support for drug laws that penalized the poor and working classes while ignoring drug use among the middle and upper classes. Many sociologists attribute the policies, laws, and sentencing guidelines connected to the War on Drugs with increased policing of poor urban neighborhoods and incarceration rates of residents of those communities. Additional moral panics include public attention to welfare queens, the notion that poor black women are abusing the social services system while enjoying lives of luxury. In reality, welfare fraud is not very common, and no one racial group is more likely to commit it. There is also moral panic around a so-called gay agenda that threatens the American way of life when members of the LGBTQ community simply want equal rights. Lastly, after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Islamophobia, surveillance laws, and racial and religious profiling grew from the fear that all Muslims, Arabs, or brown people overall are dangerous because the terrorists who targeted the World Trade Center and the Pentagon had that background. In fact, many acts of domestic terrorism have been committed by non-Muslims. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

How Softball Is An Evolved Sport From Baseball - 2528 Words

Softball is an evolved sport from baseball that originated from Chicago, USA during the 1880’s, initially being a game played indoors. Its significant differences from baseball is that it uses a smaller bat head but a larger ball (2-3 inches bigger) which is also less dense, it has less innings (7 rather than 9). The layout of the field is more or less the same as Baseball with incorporations of the diamond shape and 4 bases. We have chosen softball as our sport as this game isn’t as commonly played in our class and most have foreign or little knowledge. Many know that it is fairly similar to baseball, although, it has it’s differences, we would like to teach and improve some general areas of softball throughout the duration of our coaching clinic. Equipment used: Softball Softball bat Softball glove/mit Bases Batting Helmet Catcher’s equipment (Helmets with face guards, mouth and throat guards, chest plate protectors, shin guards that pass the knees) Goals and aims for our Coaching Clinic: To teach our classmates how to correctly hold, grip and throw a softball, which will help in fielding skills To improve and increase ability of hand-eye coordination, practising at becoming better at catching the softball whilst handling the mitt. Build on teamwork and communication, the peers must learn to effectively signal and communicate amongst each other in order to tag players and achieve the most runs. Game rules: There are 7 innings in a softball game, each having 2 halves.Show MoreRelatedThe Gender Gap Between Men And Women1104 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviour is generally seen within the sports industry. 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What Is Diabetes Type 1 Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Type 1 Diabetes, which can be used to be called juvenile oncoming or Insulin-Dependent Diabetess Mellitus ( IDDM ) and normally appears during childhood, teenage old ages, or early maturity. It is an autoimmune disease, intending that the immune system has mistaken its ain pancreas for foreign tissue and destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin, which is a endocrine. As a consequence, people with Type 1 Diabetes produce about no insulin ( 1 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Diabetes Type 1 Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, IDDM is largely inherited by the parent cell as the research said if you have a household member with Type 1 Diabetes, your hazard is approximately five to six per centum, compared to the hazard in general population which is 0.4 % ( 2 ) . Diabetes was the 7th prima cause of decease listed on U.S. decease certifications in 2006. This ranking is based on the 72,507 decease certifications in 2006 in which diabetes was listed as the underlying cause of decease ( 3 ) . Therefore, are at that place any possible solutions to get the better of this job? Neuropathic ulcer may show on the pess of diabetic people. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.epodiatry.com/resource/images/Edmond.gif ( 178 WORDS ) A POSSIBLE Solution Insulin pump therapy Alpha cell secrete glucagon Raises glucose degree Islet cell of the pancreas Beta cell secrete glucagon Lowers glucose degree In the Islet cell of pancreas, Beta cell makes insulin. When immune system destroys beta cell, insulin can non be produced. As a consequence the cells in our organic structures will non be able to treat the glucose and hence have no energy for motion ( 6 ) . Furthermore, the glucose is unable to be transferred from blood stream to the cells and the glucose degrees in the blood will be higher than normal. Hence, insulin pump therapy is needed to get the better of this job. ( 283 WORDS ) Insulin pump is a little mechanical device, a small larger than a beeper that is worn outside the organic structure, frequently on a belt or in a pocket. It delivers insulin into the organic structure via an extract set which is injected beneath the tegument at the extract site ( 7 ) . Nipro Diabetes Systems Amigo OmniPod Insulin Management System Nipro Diabetes Systems Amigo OmniPod Insulin Management System Examples of insulin pump. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.childrenwithdiabetes.com/pumps/index.htm Graph 1 shows the age distribution at the clip of diagnosing for members of the Insulin Pumpers. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.insulin-pumpers.org/about.shtml From graph 1, we can see that most of the users of pumpers are kids and adolescents. About 1119 insulin pumpers have been recorded until 25th of December 2009, which shows a great figure of populations that had been infected with this disease. ( 407 WORDS ) Over the old ages, a figure of different types and trade names of insulin have been developed to run into different demands. Type Brand Name Onset Extremum Duration Remarks Fast playing Humalog Novolog 5 – 15 proceedingss 45 – 90 proceedingss 3 – 4 hours Human The fastest-acting insulin available Intermediate moving Humulin L Humulin N Novolin L Novolin N 1 – 3 hours 6 – 12 hours 20 – 24 hours Human Long moving Humulin U 4-6 hours 18-28 hours 28 hours Human Normally used in combination with a faster-acting insulin to supply proper control at mealtimes Ultra-long moving Lantus 1.1 hours No extremum Changeless concentration over 24 hours Human Injected one time day-to-day at bedtime Mixtures Humulin 50/50 Humulin 70/30 Novolin 70/30 Humalog Mix 75/25 Varies Varies Varies Varies Varies Varies The Numberss refer to per centum of NPH ( 1st figure ) and regular ( 2nd figure ) Available in phials, pen-fill cartridges, and prefilled panpipes 75 % NPL ( a new NPH preparation ) and 25 % lispro ; available in disposable pen. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lifeclinic.com/focus/diabetes/supply_insulin.asp The end of insulin pump therapy is to copy the insulin secernment form which can be seen in people without diabetes. Normally there are two form of insulin release: Basal insulin or background insulin which is continuously released from the beta cells and regulates the glucose production from liver. Bolus insulin, which is insulin released in response to nutrient and controls the glucose alterations after repasts ( 2 ) . There are four types of bolus form which can assist the pumpers to find what is best for any given nutrient and by accommodating the bolus form to their demands, it will better control of blood sugar. Standard bolus.JPGExtended bolus.JPG Combo bolus.JPGSuper bolus.JPGSource: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_pump All the graphs show the bolus form in order to find what the best nutrient is should be taken in order to better control of blood sugar. The standard bolus people should take low protein and low fat repasts while extended bolus diabetic covering high fat high protein repasts such as steak, which will be raising blood sugar for many hours past the oncoming of the bolus. Furthermore, those who have combination bolus is appropriate for high fat repasts such as pizza and cocoa bar but the ace bolus people must take certain nutrients ( like sugary breakfast cereals ) which cause a big post-prandial extremum of blood sugar. It attacks the blood sugar extremum with the fastest bringing of insulin that can be practically achieved by pumping. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATION First and first, after being diagnosed as diabetic, some of them can non accept the fact and take some clip to mourn their loss. Some of them might fell depressed for illustration Katherine G who was diagnosed with diabetes and maintain inquiring what had I done incorrect? And wanted to thwack every overweight individual she saw ( 1 ) . They besides worried about the following coevals as Type 1 Diabetes is inherited and acquire stress believing about the complication of diabetes which cause them to utilize wheelchair because has no pess and besides being wheeled in order to utilize the dialysis machine. They may lose their ego regard to confront the universe. Some might be under force per unit area as they have to be strict on their nutrient consumption as they have to follow the diet for diabetic and they need to take a batch of medical specialty and besides injection. In order to acquire the intervention for diabetes, more money has to be disbursement as the pumpers are high in cost. Diabetes impacting the earning or active member of the household affects non merely that single but might frequently hold important consequence on the household. The economic load of diabetes is increasing as the epidemic grows. As per WHO estimates, diabetes drains a important per centum of the wellness budget by cost towards direct diabetes attention and diabetes related disablements. Diabetess associated complications account for 60 % of diabetes related direct wellness attention costs and about 80-90 % of indirect costs. In India, for illustration, the poorest people with diabetes spend an norm of 25 % of their income on private attention. The most that they can pay for are interventions that keep them alive by blunting the highest, rapidly fatal degrees of blood sugar. In 2007, the universe is estimated to pass at least USD 232 billion to handle and forestall dia betes and its complications. By 2025, this lower-bound estimation will transcend USD 302.5 billion ( 11 ) . BENEFIT AND RISK Advantages BEST hbA1c ‘s before the pumpBEST hbA1c ‘s utilizing the pump The graph shows the hbA1C degree before and after utilizing insulin pump. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.insulin-pumpers.org/about.shtml The degree of hbA1C lessenings with an norm of 6.3 after utilizing the insulin pump. So, it can take down the hazard of developing long-run complications for case shot, bosom disease, sightlessness, kidney failure and besides amputation. Pumpers have been shown to see lesser episodes of terrible hypoglycemia than those who take injections, including during the dark. Clinical surveies shown that utilizing fast moving insulin, the glucose control can be improved with less hazard of hypoglycemia. Furthermore, the pumper can maintain up-to-date with their day-to-day agenda. They are flexible to travel and free to make what they want for illustration they can maintain on the pump during exerting in the eventide. Insulin pumpers require an extract set alteration merely approximately three times a hebdomad, or 156 interpolations a twelvemonth but the injection can accomplish mean more than 1,400 injection per twelvemonth. Disadvantages An episode of diabetic diabetic acidosis aa‚ ¬ † province of unequal insulin degrees ensuing in high blood force per unit area and accretion of organic acids and ketones in the blood may take topographic point if the pumpers do non have sufficient sum of fast acting insulin for many hours. There is high hazard of infection if the catheter site of cannula has non been changed every three yearss and besides skin reactions such as roseolas may look at the site of cannula. This therapy is really expensive as pumps are high monetary values. By utilizing insulin therapy, the society might cognize that you have diabetes since this is one of the popular ways to bring around it ( 12 ) . Some of diabetic might develop film overing vision shortly after get downing insulin due to a alteration of lens refraction and it will rectify itself within two to three hebdomads ( 13 ) . ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS Diet for diabetics If diabetes people eat excessively much, diabetic control will deteriorate but if they eat excessively small, leads to hypoglycaemia. Carbohydrate must be taken in little sums for aged and sedentary but in big sum for active people like adolescents. This must be taken at chief repasts illustration breakfast, tiffin and dinner ( 13 ) . When taking on empty tummy, intoxicant can take down down the glucose degree. Diabetics should restrict saccharide in liquid signifier as they are quickly absorbed. Furthermore, they should extinguish all refined sugars and starches and must intake a batch of fibre-rich veggies and fruits in their diet. This is because fibers slow down glucose soaking up and prevent high glucose degrees after repasts. They must take protein and restricted ruddy meats and besides trans-fats. Saturated fats must be reduced and take a batch of bosom healthy mono-saturated fats and omega 3. Exerting Peoples, who exercise on a regular basis, when compared to those who do non exert, diminish their opportunity of developing diabetes by 30 to 50 % . Exercise aid by bettering the bodyaa‚ ¬a„?s to utilize insulin and causes cholesterin degree and blood force per unit area to drop ( 14 ) . Aerobic exercising Burnss Calories to assist in pull offing the weight, beef up the bosom and lungs and gives endurance. In other word, it improves the bodyaa‚ ¬a„?s ability to utilize insulin and prevent diabetes. We must make warm up and chill down earlier and after exerting. Take at least 20 proceedingss and three times a hebdomad to exercising. Furthermore exercising can increase the consumption of glucose by musculuss therefore increase in carbohydrate consumption. We must take adequate saccharide before exerting but overdose of saccharide will consequences in hyperglycemia. As diabetes, insulin must be sufficient before and after exercising because strenuous exercisi ng and deficient insulin will decline diabetic control ( 15 ) . Supplement vitamin and herbs Vitamin E helps fade out fresh coagulum in venas and cut down the O demand of tissue and cell. Furthermore, it besides helps to from new tegument ( in mending the ulcer and Burnss ) and increases the blood supply to weave, therefore reduces diabetes sphacelus and amputations. Vitamin E reduces the demand for insulin in 30 % of diabetes ( 16 ) . Biotin is B vitamin that maps in industry and usage of saccharide, fat and amino acids. It enhances insulin sensitiveness and increase the activity of enzyme glucokinase, enzyme responsible for the first measure in the usage of glucose in liver as this enzyme is low in diabetic. It besides helps in the intervention of diabetic neuropathy ( 17 ) . Evaluation How to cite What Is Diabetes Type 1 Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Services To Priority Health Care Platforms â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Disuses About The Services To Priority Health Care Platforms? Answer: Introducation The onset of mental health disease to any individual is often frightening and dilapidating. It makes the victims to be upset, frightened, and feeling of unwell comes in. This will appear like they are losing their mind. The fears are often reinforced through negative aspects which often mental people have shown. The common mental problems include depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In the case study is patient Jeremy Oaxley. He was one of the best talented singers and song writers in early 1980s. He was performing on a high rock band, The SunnyBoys. He was the brand wagon of the band steering to greater heights. As the force behind the band, Jeremy went high into his performances, running from shows to shows in a bid to lift his image. As this hustle went on, Jeremy was shrouded with stress to deliver, and ended up being at the periphery on lonely horror. He was consumed by paranoia and encountered disturbing thoughts. He was so concerned about his brother Peter and was so much protective on him. Jeremy with life of solitude and depression ended up being a victim of alcoholism. With dire denial of his disease state, Jeremy refused to accept medications and refused to accept that he has mental disease. His life became so miserable. When he tried to flash back how his audiences adored him for his music, he always ended up in conflicting emotions. He kept himself in solitude life and often became arrogant and annoyed easily due to the disease state. He chose to live alone and drifted from the people. His life became unpredictable, unmanageable for his family. Despite the medication mental health disease, Jeremy had also encountered diabetes and obesity which he was receiving medications for. With the double burden of his disease he started to blame everyone for his predicaments, with acts of self denial and lack of acceptance for his diseases state. Factors affecting mental health disease Mental health problems often have an effect on the way people feel, think and behave. The state of mental health always brings bad feeling which you cant see but observe through the behavioural behaviour of the patients, (McMahon et al 2013). Treatment medication is often effective in managing the disease. However the stigma under pinning this care provision and misunderstanding about how the disease should be managed still is missing. Recovery process is often relied upon factors which affect the disease. Mental diagnosis can be affected any cultural, social and development factors which hinders its management, (Nordmyr et al 2014). Cultural factors Culture often refers to a state of shared beliefs, norms and values. The variation in cultures often affects the way people behave and its approaches towards care process. Depending on the culture one grew up, feelings of emotional health can always affect the way patients are managed, and how the experience s are given the best coping measures for the care. in many cultures around the world, mental health has often been associated with spiritual lifes of the patients, thus how a person perceive mental health experience have an effect on the personal felling you have, (WHO, 2014). Cultural influences and societal influences have an effect on mental health care approach. Culture and social contextual nature often shapes the mental health of minorities and available mental health priorities available. The misunderstandings often found in culture among the care providers often deters access of health services and access and utilization of care and preventing them from adequate care prov ision, (Bjereld et al 2015). Patient culture often known as consumer mental health services has an effect on mental health care and utilization access. In this case study, patient Jeremy might not have been exposed to the culture of seeking medical intervention thus the restrictive nature and solitude denial he is facing. Social aspects of mental health Many dimensions of mental health and psychological well being are determined by the social factors which include, gender, social status, race and ethnical backgrounds. The ability of coping effectively with patients of mental health have often depend on the social arrangements which take place within the family or community set ups. In this case Jeremy social state is affected at how the family is treating him and according him the care needed. Mental illness epidemiology is complicated but how the relationship between symptoms occurrence, drug use and illness vary with the families support networks, (Funk,2016). The stigma often associated with mental health disease has led to perception of the disease, the cumulative burdens the disease cause on the family and those sorrowing the care are huge, (Bjereld et al 2015). These burdens depend on the magnitude of schizophrenia for patient Jeremy. Developmental factors affecting mental health Assessments of positive aspects of development and is aligned competencies are viewed as the scientific underpinnings which inform promotion of mental health disease. Prevention and promotion model for the young people entails interventions which alters the developmental process. This is essential in ensuring that the filed be grounded on a comprehensive framework that has a reflection on the developmental perspective. the most important feature so development process that are key to the case study include, age related patters of schizophrenia disorder for the patient, tasks involved and interactions between the biological and psychological and social aspects with regard to the patent status, (Conley et al 2017). Implementing mental health priorities International and national states have formed workforces which steers the agenda for mental health problems. The mental health priorities set have proved to be evidence based and cost effective interventions that are not accessible to the general population. The priority areas have been fundamental in ensuring better mental health care for the people affected with mental problems like in the case study and improve the support offered to them. The priority areas have often focused on the social and emotional problems, depression states, inattention and impulsivity, disruptive behaviours and aggression impacts, substance abuse and conflicting of self harm, (Hanlon et al 2014). These priorities are essential for the Jeremy in the case study so to offer appropriate help for treatment process and yielding better outcome. The association of family set ups forms key priority towards seeking support for mental health patients. The intervention of the family members for the victims of mental health illness is crucial. Statistics have shown that 15% of the children and adolescents have mental problems. This happened with the patient 30 years ago, further if it goes untreated which is the case for the case study affects the children and go long beyond when they can exhibit problem behaviours. However key aspects of managing this are ensuring positive and effective communication approaches on mental health issues. Studies done have shown that many families dont disclose the emotional problems which are linked to the disease, thus informing the urgent need for mental health communication between social support services and family, (Patel et al 2013). Family engagement on tackling the priority issues affecting mental health is crucial. Giving them advice and engaging them in therapeutic encounters for the patients and their families is essential for practice and skill development. Hence adequate skills and interventions of practical skills towards managing the mental priorities is essential in ensuring that mental health information and behaviour of the patients is achieved. National mental health framework This framework has provided a good opportunity for the improvement of mental health care provision in Australia, (Davidson et al 2016). The framework brings forth the recovery oriented approaches which aims at understand the recovery process of mental health care and ensuring service delivery for patients such as Jeremy Oaxley. The framework is essential in supporting cultural and attitude change for those providing care. The utilization of this recovery framework for this patient is essential in ensuring that guidance and tailored mental approach is given to the people with mental health disease, (Fenton 2016). The recovery oriented approach designed for patient with the lived experiences and insights of how he can be helped in view of providing expertise, knowledge and skills necessary for care for the mentally challenged patients, (Kidd et al 2015). The recovery health approaches underpinned in the framework allows for the utilizations of service rather than organization priorities. In ensuring patent safety and improving their capabilities, there is need to recognise the need for self determination incorporated into successful treatment approaches. The emphasis on recovery process and self determination for the patient is crucial. As the family is the immediate support network available, there is need to balance various aspects of care provided which include, providing maximum choice selection for the patient, supporting positive risk taking, dignity of risk, availing duty of care and promoting safety. Adopting these strategies ensures that the patient achieves self determination and con tinues in his efforts to reduce coercion and seclusion which is apparent in the Jeremy life experiences rolls, (Jorn 2014). According to the national health framework there are key domain areas which are embedded in the recovery oriented practice and service delivery. The first domain is promoting culture and hope to the patient. In this way there is need op encourage the patient to be optimistic and ensure that he rains hope of healing. The second domain entails prioritising the patient towards care process. This is ensured through putting the patient as the first priority at the centre of experience of mental issue and ensuring he gets adequate care delivery, (Slade et al 2014). There is need to support the personal recovery for the patient, encouraging the patient on the recovery process is essential in ensuring service delivery. Last domain of concern for the patient is the need to uphold the rights of the patent in accessing care process, (McKay et al 2016). As family which is illustrated supports the patient towards recovery process and this is vital towards disease management. Conclusion Thus it is essential that incorporating the framework in managing mental health conditions at the hoe settings is key towards managing Schizophrenia for Jeremy Oaxley. The framework offers a better opportunity to interrogate the facets associated with mental health disease and influence the design of services given such as trauma informed approaches towards managing his disease condition. Being in line with the Australian National Standards for Mental Health Services, 2010, this framework forms key basis for recovery oriented process for the patient. References Bjereld, Y., Daneback, K., Gunnarsdttir, H., Petzold, M. (2015). Mental health problems and social resource factors among bullied children in the Nordic countries: a population based cross-sectional study. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 46(2), 281-288. Davidson, F., Heffernan, E., Greenberg, D., Butler, T., Burgess, P. (2016). A critical review of mental health court liaison services in Australia: A first national survey. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 23(6), 908-921. Fenton, S. J. H. (2016). Mental health service delivery for adolescents and young people: a comparative study between Australia and the UK (Doctoral dissertation, University of Birmingham and The University of Melbourne). Funk, M. (2016). Global burden of mental disorders and the need for a comprehensive, coordinated response from health and social sectors at the country level. Hanlon, C., Luitel, N. P., Kathree, T., Murhar, V., Shrivasta, S., Medhin, G., ... Jordans, M. (2014). Challenges and opportunities for implementing integrated mental health care: a district level situation analysis from five low-and middle-income countries. PloS one, 9(2), e88437. Jorm, A. F. (2014). Why hasnt the mental health of Australians improved? The need for a national prevention strategy. Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2015). The meaning of recovery in a regional mental health service: an action research study. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(1), 181-192. McKay, R., Coombs, T., Anderson, J. M. (2016). Mental Health and Addiction Workforce Development in Australia: Never the Twain to Meet?. Workforce Development Theory and Practice in the Mental Health Sector, 90. McMahon, E. M., Corcoran, P., McAuliffe, C., Keeley, H., Perry, I. J., Arensman, E. (2013). Mediating effects of coping style on associations between mental health factors and self-harm among adolescents. Crisis. Nordmyr, J., Forsman, A. K., Wahlbeck, K., Bjrkqvist, K., sterman, K. (2014). Associations between problem gambling, socio-demographics, mental health factors and gambling type: sex differences among Finnish gamblers. International Gambling Studies, 14(1), 39-52. Patel, V., Belkin, G. S., Chockalingam, A., Cooper, J., Saxena, S., Untzer, J. (2013). Grand challenges: integrating mental health services into priority health care platforms. PloS medicine, 10(5), e1001448. Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., ... Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems. World Psychiatry, 13(1), 12-20. World Health Organization. (2014). Social determinants of mental health. World Health Organization.

Performance Measures and Communicating Performance Expectations to Garcia Meyer Center

This paper is going to identify performance measures that can be used to evaluate a potential managing director in charge of operation. In addition, the paper will also look at ways the board of directors can communicate their performance expectations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Performance Measures and Communicating Performance Expectations to Garcia Meyer Center specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a consultant hired by the board of directors of Gracia Meyer Center I have developed a method that can be used in identifying performance measures and communicate performance expectations for the new managing director. One of the methods that can be used in identifying performance measures and communicating them to the potential managing director is the top-down director evaluation tool. Gracia Meyer Center is non-profit organization with a board of directors from different backgrounds. Therefore, the board of d irectors will be capable of evaluating the new managing director from a perspective that favors the success of the organization. Generally, the board of directors should look for a managing director in charge of operations who has the ability to achieve the goals of the organization, strong leadership skills, and sound financial management (Davila, Epstein Shelton, 2005). In top-down director evaluation tool, the board of director will have to asses and see whether the potential managing director in charge of operations best fits his or her pre-determined roles as stipulated in Gracia Meyer Center Charter. The board should also assess the potential of the new managing director to discharge his/her duties responsibly. With regard to this, the board can assess the effectiveness of the director in coordinating and supervising staff, implementing organizational goals, and accountability. This can be determined from the way the potential managing director contributes to the discussions during the interview, his/her knowledge of business procedure, and responsibility in terms of governance. In top-down director evaluation tool, integrity and confidence is a key ingredient to effective performance of a managing director. Being a non-profit organization providing social services to individuals living with HIV/AIDS, the integrity of its managing director is crucial for the success of the organization. In addition, Gracia Meyer Center has an annual budget of seventeen million obtained from the government and other stakeholders. Therefore, the integrity of its managing director who will be in charge of operations including finance is crucial in ensuring that funds are not misused (Davila, Epstein Shelton, 2005). The board of directors of Gracia Meyer Center should know that a competent managing director possesses skills that will enable him or her to effectively administer the organization, provide accurate and up-to date financial statements when needed, and be able t o write management reports to the board of directors on a regular basis.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Top-down director evaluation tool also seeks to evaluate the availability and accessibility of the managing director to both staff and the board of directors. An effective managing director should be able to address the queries raised by employees and the board of directors in an effective, timely, and courteous manner. The board should also assess the potential of the managing director to determine whether he/she possesses the right communication skills. This is because good communication could the board in future to know whether the managing director is discharging his/her responsibilities effectively, and whether he/she is conducting follow ups. The board of directors should also know that a good managing director in charge of operations should understand the views of the stakeholders (Garratt, 2003). Gracia Meyer Center is an organization that depends on various stakeholders for funding. The stakeholders have certain expectations, on how the organization is managed, utilization of funds, and the quality of social services it provides to its clients among others. The new managing director should be in a position to meet the expectations of these stakeholders. Certain laws regulate Gracia Meyer Center, which is a non-profit organization that provides services to marginalized groups living with HIV/AIDS such as gay people. The board of director should assess the potential manager to determine whether he/she is familiar with the policies and legal measures that govern the management and operations of Gracia Meyer Center. Top-down approach of director evaluation also requires that an effective managing director should be able to inspire and develop staff within an organization (Garratt, 2003). Gracia Meyer Center is an organization that employs a wi de range of professionals including lawyers, social workers, and health care experts. An effective managing director who oversees the activities of these professionals should ensure that their skills are enhanced through regular training, workshops, and seminars. The board of directors should also assess the new managing director to see whether he/she has the potential of satisfying the needs of all the company’s employees. This is crucial because a managing director who satisfies the needs of people who work under him prevents low labor turnover or absenteeism in the work force. Being a non-profit organization, Gracia Meyer Center also largely depends on volunteers. Hence, a managing director who can satisfy the needs of those working under him is crucial in ensuring high productivity within an organization. Although Gracia Meyer Center is a non-profit organization, the board of director should still emphasize on financial skills when choosing a future managing director.Adve rtising We will write a custom report sample on Performance Measures and Communicating Performance Expectations to Garcia Meyer Center specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because prudent financial management greatly contributes to the success of an organization. Finally, the top-down approach of director evaluation also stipulates that a managing director should be innovative. The board of directors in their assessment should ensure that the new managing director is innovating (Tyagi Gupta, 2008). References Davila, T., Epstein, M. J Shelton, R. (2005). Making innovation work: How to manage it, measure it, and profit from it. Philadelphia, PA: Wharton School Publisher. Garratt, B. (2003).Thin on top: Why corporate governance matters and how to measure and improve board performance. London: Nicholas Brealey Publisher. Tyagi, R. K Gupta, P. (2008). A complete and balanced service scorecard: Creating value through sustained performance improvement. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press. This report on Performance Measures and Communicating Performance Expectations to Garcia Meyer Center was written and submitted by user Hayden Villarreal to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Capital Punishment essentially is Death Penalty. T Essays - Penology

Capital Punishment essentially is Death Penalty. T Essays - Penology Capital Punishment essentially is Death Penalty. The United States Supreme Court physician favors participation in the moral status of US punishment. Capital Punishment gives victims justice. The controversy over the constitutionality of the death penalty lies in the Ambiguity of the phrase "cruel and unusual." The first meeting of Congress addressed the phrase for only a few minutes. Congressman William smith of South Carolina foreshadowed the controversy to come when he stated that the wording of the Eighth Amendment was "too indefinite." Whereas some argue that the phrase "cruel and unusual" refers to the type of punishment inflicted (such punishments as the severing of limbs, for example, would almost certainly be considered cruel and unusual), others feel that the phrase refers to the degree and duration of the punishment. The U.S. Supreme Court has rejected both interpretations, leaving the death penalty a legal means of punishing certain criminals. Capital Punishment depends on which state you are in which shows wh ich parts are the differences. Many countries have abolished Capital Punishment either by law or by practice. It is officially banned in China and in India at a 68% from a growth rate percentage . It is now banned in England. The Roman Republic was one of the first to ban Capital Punishment. " David Wiesel argues in favor of physician participation but follows his opponents and other commentators in tabling the morality of capital punishment. He acknowledges moral issues surrounding the death penalty, including whether it is distributed fairly but deems them "beyond the scope" of his article. His only purpose "is to address physician participation in lethal injection." ( Paul Litton pg. 6 ) In the end, Capital Punishment is very important to know about how death penalty is justified, and the death penalty now is very judge mental . It is now morally acceptable to the public eye, and will continue to be an important topic for many people that practice identifying the causes of Death Penalty and studying the history of Capital Punishment.

Brand Influence on the Behavior of Generation Y Research Paper

Brand Influence on the Behavior of Generation Y - Research Paper Example The paper "Brand Influence on the Behavior of Generation Y" discusses the factors of fashion brands that influence the buying decisions of this segment. Research shows that price, peer feedback, advertising, emotional value, product quality, brand identity and the physical environment influence the buying behaviour. These factors are discussed in detail in the following sections. This paper is based on the findings of qualitative research conducted on Generation Y fashion consumption behaviour. The benefit of a qualitative research is that it can accommodate a wide variety of sources and benefit from the scholarly work of several researchers. The study is based on analysis of secondary sources which includes research publications and online content. Major themes that recur most frequently in the secondary sources have been discussed in this paper. Research journals, textbooks and websites covering issues of brand management and marketing were consulted to collect data for this paper. The results of the research showed that rational factors affect brand consumption behaviour among Generation Y consumers as much as emotional factors. The consumers appear to be motivated by product quality and price based on their parental influence. At the same time, they are also influenced by peer feedback, brand identity and brand advertising. As a result, fashion brands pay equal attention to reflecting quality through tangible and intangible aspects in their product development and marketing practices.

Responsibility to Protect Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Responsibility to Protect - Dissertation Example In his studies about democide (a term has come to be used to refer to the murders committed by governments on individual or groups, including genocides, mass killing and crimes against humanity), Rummel (1986, 1997) illustrated that democides are more threatening than international wars, as he estimated the total number of deaths killed by governments in the 20th century 174 million dead, which is more than the battle-deaths during the same period. Moreover, he found that regimes who committed democide are likely to be dictatorial, such as Communists and Nazis. Figure 1: Democide Compared to War Battle-Dead, adobted from Rummel (1994). The next sections of the introduction will initially define three key crimes that violate human rights the most, namely: war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. Secondly, the struggle of dealing with these crimes, and the evolution of the means used for preventing them will be illustrating. The third section will cover the research question, objectives and structure. The ultimate part will focus on exploring the problem by demonstrating the tension of state sovereignty and the debate of the R2P. War Crimes, Genocide and Crimes against Humanity War crimes refer to the excessive violation of human rights within wars, and a serious breach of international humanitarian law (Clarisse, 2011). There have been several codifications in the international level concerning war crimes, beginning with The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, followed by the Conventions of 12 August 1949 and their Additional Protocols I and II of 1977 and article 8 of the 1998 Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court. Murders, attacks on civilian (either prisoners, free or refugees) and their goods, pillage and rape are all considered war crimes (OHCHR, 2010). Moreover, â€Å"Genocide, crimes against humanity, mistreatment of civilians or combatants during war can all fall under the category of war crimes. Genocide is the most severe of these crimes (BBC, 2009). However, the second concept that must be clarified is genocide, which came from a Polish Jew called Raphael Lemkin in 1944 when he combined a Greek word (genos) meaning group, and a Latin word (cide) which means killing (Rossil, 2003). Genocide can be officially defined with regard to Article II of the 1948 United Nation Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide as: â€Å"any of a number of acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group, and forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.† (UN, 1948) Other crimes against humanity include â€Å"murder, extermination, enslave ment, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war, or persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds in execution of or in connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal,

Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation: Quantum Structures

Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation: Quantum Structures Preparation and Characterisation of Quantum Dot Infrared Photo Detector and Its Application in Night Vision Devices Submitted by Mangala Gowri M Focus of the study during this period was to understand interaction of electromagnetic radiation with quantum structures. Interband transition and intraband transition are two types of transition possible in semiconductors. Intraband transitions are unique for the quantum semiconductor structures. Intraband transitions between the quantized energy levels are possible depending on several parameters. The resonance wavelength depends on effective masses of the carriers, parameters like size, shape and composition of the quantum structures. Practical observations made on quantum structures like quantum wells and quantum dots were very interesting. â€Å"The first direct observation of infrared absorption between conduction subbands of n-doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells was reported in 1985. It was confirmed that intersubband transitions between electronic states of quantum wells are strongly polarized along the confinement potential direction.† [1] Therefore light whose polarization has component along the confinement potential direction gets absorbed. Therefore â€Å"light must have a polarization component perpendicular to the quantum well layers.† [1] This is the strong limitation for the quantum well infrared photo detectors. On the other hand, quantum wires and quantum dots theoretically do not have this limitation on the polarization direction of incident radiation. For quantum well polarization, direction radiation should not be normal (perpendicular) to the confinement potential direction, whereas t his type of normal incidence is allowed for quantum dots. Oscillator Strength: â€Å"Oscillator strength is a dimensionless quantity that expresses the probability of absorption or emission of radiation in transitions between energy levels of an atom or molecule.† [2] When an electronic transition occurs an oscillating dipole moment will be induced by interaction of electric field of the system with electromagnetic radiation. The following illustration explains the mechanism of transition in a system in general. Suppose an electron changes its energy from En to Em by changing its state from ψn to ψm. During the transition it will be in a state which is superposition of the two states. ÃŽ ¨ = aψn + bψm Probability that the electron in the state ψn is |a|2 and probability that it is in state ψm is |b|2 so that at any time |a|2 + |b|2 =1. We can see that expectation value mn oscillates at frequency ÃŽ ³nm = , ÃŽ ³nm is the transition frequency. mn is the oscillator strength as the strength of the oscillation is proportional to the expectation value of intermediate state. It is also called the transition matrix element. For allowed transitions mn is a nonzero value and for forbidden transitions it is zero. Transition Dipole Moment: Transition dipole moment is the dipole moment associated with the transition between two states. It is a complex vector quantity. It encodes phase factors associated with the two states. The direction of this dipole moment is the polarization of the transition. The polarization of the transition determines the interaction of the system with electromagnetic radiation with a given polarization. Square of the dipole moment of transition gives the strength of the transition. Transition dipole moment is off-diagonal matrix element of position operator multiplied by the particle’s charge. Classically, dipole moment is product of charge and separation between the two charges. In the presence of an electric field, the two charges will experience a force in opposite direction so that a torque acts on the dipole. Similarly, during transition, coupling between an electromagnetic wave and transition dipole moment of the system depends on the charge distribution within the system, strength of the field and the relative polarization of the field and the transition. Also transition dipole moment depends on the geometries and relative phases of the two states involved in transition. The concept of transition dipole moment is very useful to determine whether a transition is allowed or not. If the integral defining transition dipole moment is nonzero, that transition is allowed. Perturbation Theory: To understand the mechanism of interaction between the system and electromagnetic radiation, we adopt quantum mechanical perturbation theory. Incident radiation is treated as a perturbation. Electromagnetic radiation provides a time dependent potential, which assists quantum jumps between energy levels. So total Hamiltonian of the system has two parts, one is time independent and another is time dependent. If time dependent part is small compared to time independent part, then that can be treated as a perturbation. Considering two level system, where ÃŽ ¨a and ÃŽ ¨b are two eigen states of unperturbed Hamiltonian H0. The two states are orthonormal. Any other state of the system can be written as a linear combination of those two states. ÃŽ ¨(0) = Ca ÃŽ ¨a + Cb ÃŽ ¨b Ca and Cb are constants, which include information about probability of finding the system in respective states. Suppose we are curious to know the state of the system after a time t. If there is time dependent perturbation, ÃŽ ¨(t) is again superposition of the two states. Not only the two states evolve with time, but also coefficients Ca and Cb are also functions of time. If we can determine Ca(t) and Cb(t) we can understand the system at time t. Several mathematical steps lead us to ÄÅ  a = And ÄÅ  b = Where ÄÅ  a and ÄÅ  b are time derivatives of Ca(t) and Cb(t) respectively. Both of the above equations taken together are equivalent to time dependent Schrodinger equation for a two level system. The diagonal matrix elements of H’ vanish. Therefore, ÄÅ  a = ÄÅ  b = With Considering that H’ is small, above equations can be solved by a process called successive approximations. Here we also consider that perturbation is having sinusoidal time dependence. Then And In the first order we have ω is the driving frequency and ω0 is the transition frequency. If ω and ω0 are very close to each other second term in the square brackets dominates. So we can say ω + ω0 >> | ω0 ω| We drop first term and after simplification The transition probability gives the probability that a particle started from the initial state will reach at final state in time t. We can see here that transition probability as a function of time oscillates sinusoidally. Fig: Transition probability as a function of time, for sinusoidal perturbation. Maximum value of probability is . The probability of rising to the maximum value is much less than 1 for small perturbation. Another thing to observe here that the probability of transition is highest when ω ω0. Fig: Transition probability as a function of driving frequency. Thus as time goes on width of the peak becomes narrower and height of the peak becomes higher. That means that the system will undergo transition with higher probability. Emission and Absorption of Radiation: An electromagnetic wave consists of transverse oscillating electric and magnetic fields. An atom reacts primarily to the oscillating electric component of radiation. Assume that an atom is exposed to a sinusoidally oscillating electric field. Consider that the field is polarized along z direction. Then the perturbing Hamiltonian is written as Note: Considering that the period of oscillation of the field is long compared to the time taken by the charge to move around within the atom we adopt electrostatic formula for Vab that is equal to Then Where P = is transition dipole moment. ÃŽ ¨ is an odd or even function of z. We consider that the diagonal matrix elements of H’ vanish. Then the interaction of radiation with the system is governed by precisely the kind of oscillatory perturbation with Vab Note: P is off-diagonal matrix element of z component of dipole moment operator qr. Transition probability is proportional to the energy density of the perturbing fields. And we see that the probability is proportional to time. If incident radiation is monochromatic, transition probability oscillates. However, if the system is exposed to incoherent spread of frequencies that flopping nature disappears. The transition rate will be a constant. In the calculations, we have assumed that the direction of propagation of perturbing radiation is y direction and it is polarized along z axis. However, in practice the system (like quantum well, quantum dot) is exposed to a radiation coming from all directions and with all possible polarizations. Then the energy of the field is shared equally among these different modes. So in the place of we have to substitute the average of |P.n|2 with n is the direction of polarization of radiation. Average is over all polarizations and all incident directions. Quantum Well: A quantum well can be considered as idealized square, finite and symmetrical potential well. It is now evident that absorption of radiation by quantum well depends on the direction of the transition dipole moment and direction of polarization of incident radiation. It can be shown that the wave function of quantum well is a even function in ground state and it is alternatively even or odd in higher states. In order to P be nonzero ÃŽ ¨a and ÃŽ ¨b should be of opposite parity since z is odd. In addition, direction of P depends on ÃŽ ¨a and ÃŽ ¨b. Since the wavefunction of the quantum well has only z component, transition dipole moment will also be directed along the z direction i.e. along the direction of potential Vwell(z). In the case of normal incidence, the polarization of radiation is perpendicular to the walls of the well barrier or to the potential. The n that refers to polarization direction of radiation is in xy plane. So choosing cylindrical polar coordinates, we have And . Thus, . Then, Which implies that normal incidence in quantum wells is forbidden. The polarization selection rules for transitions in quantum wells are summarized below. Quantum Dot: Quantum dot is a quantum structure, which is confined three dimensionally. Thus, the confinement potential has all the three x, y, z components. Similarly the wave functions representing the states of quantum dot have x, y, z components. So the scalar product between transition dipole moment and the polarization direction of incident radiation will not be equal to zero. Average of is not zero in quantum dots. Thus, the quantity in quantum dots is nonzero. There is no restriction for direction of polarization of radiation theoretically. Even though normal incidence intraband absorption is forbidden in quantum wells, they are allowed in quantum dots. This is major fact of great interest in the development of infrared photodetectors. I attended a two-day collaborator’s workshop organized by Centre of ART, SIT, Tumkur from 20-02-2014 to 21-02-2014. Study Plan: In the next half year, focus of the study will be MOCVD growth process of quantum dots. Signature of the CandidateSignature of the Guide (Manala Gowri M) (Prof. (Dr.) Ganesh N. Raikar) References: A. Weber. Intraband Spectroscopy of Semiconductor quantum dots, 1998. 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillator_strength 3. Proefschrift. Optical Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dots, 2011 4. Griffith. D.J, Introduction to quantum Mechanics, 2nd Ed, Pearson Education Inc, 2006.

New Faces for Mars

Mars often referred to as the Red Planet, has long been a subject of fascination; speculation about the existence of â€Å"Martians† was widespread early in the twentieth century; for example, issues of Scientific American in 1920 described possible communication with Mars using search lights and giant mirrors to reflect sunlight (Greeley 115). According to Greeley (2001), other proposals for communicating including digging huge trenches in the form of mathematical symbols in the Sahara Desert; these trenches were to be filled with kerosene and signal aflame to signal Mars. Based on Greeley (2001), although these ideas were never carried out, they reflected intense public interest in Mars. Telescopic observations of Mars began in the late nineteenth century and provided fuel for speculation about the nature of Mars. Space exploration of mars was initiated with the Mariner flyby in 1965; although it took only 22 close-up pictures covering a tiny fraction of the surface and showed the presence of a lunar like craters (Greeley 115). According to Greeley (2001), the geologic diversity of Mars was finally revealed by the Mariner 9 spacecraft. The Viking mission was the most complicated unmanned mission flown in the solar system according to Greeley; consisting of two orbiters and two landers. And in 1997, Mars Pathfinder landed and returned information for a third site on Mars; these missions have set the stage for more complex future missions including the return of samples to earth. It has been discovered before that more craters are older with some around 19 km across. Volcanism is also fascinating on Mars, which is said to have lava flowing but I’m not sure if this was really true. It is also said that the Red Planet has no plate tectonics and its outer layer doesn’t move horizontally, only its outer layer moves vertically. As for Mars’ other features, it is said that weathering and erosion are observed with dominated dust storms – global dust storms and sand dunes. It has also been said that there has been past flowing water before but this argument hasn’t been verified yet. As for the aliens wearing helmet, I doubt it because as of now there hasn’t been any findings of its existence. Maybe this might be true if water will be discovered in Mars. Due to advance research and technologies, I think that as time passes by, more and more findings could be discovered. If before, images are vague and cannot be distinguished easily, today, more and more sophisticated tools are being used to capture Mars’ images. Now, Mars’ tectonic features are more detailed compared before. It has also been found out that Mar’s volcanism is widespread and more diverse and young. Despite a virtual generation of studies based on newly devised technologies of space, Mars remains something of an enigma to man; fly-by, orbiting and landing missions by increasingly sophisticated space probes have revealed more about the Red planet in the last thirty years that had been gleaned in all previous centuries, but there are still many mysteries to be solved (Kargel ix). According to Kargel (2004), they range from the question of where Phobos and Deimos, the diminutive Martian Satellites, came from whereabouts of water which once sculptured much of the planet’s surface; these many more questions will only be answered after years, perhaps decades, of effort; and because the planet and its satellites preserve much of the ancient history of the solar system, they are important questions of science. Works Cited Kargel, J. S. Mars: A Warmer, Wetter Planet. New York: Springer Publishing 2004. Greeley, R. & Batson, R. The Compact NASA Atlas of the Solar System. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Funeral Oration of Pericles Essay

In the reading of the Funeral Oration of Pericles, I do not believe what Pericles says about Athens. I believe he made his speech to boost morale for his people and for the soldiers, and to keep the war going. In the Funeral Oration of Pericles, they were there to honor the fallen soldiers and to have a burial for them, but Pericles made it about the war. He used it to boost morale for the soldiers, to get them excited and to give them a reason to keep fighting, he also used it to give a reason behind the war to the citizens. It was a political move on its own. These tactics are still used in the world today, such as the war in Iraq and Afghanistan and as far back as the Gettysburg Address. Pericles believed that personal glory was one of the rare things you could have, and fighting in the war and giving your life for your city was one of the highest glories you could bestow, so therefore he glorified the war not the people that lost their lives fighting in it. Pericles was trying to persuade the people that the war was worth people losing their lives over and that there was a meaning and cause for it. The funeral oration can be seen in the world today with the war in Iraq, where the President gives the speeches about why we are fighting in a war, the reasons and the cause, which is really not known today, such as weapons of mass destruction, it was said that Iraq possessed these and come to find out they had none, so many people lost their lives for what reason? There was hype, and glorification given to the men and women that fought, to boost their morale and for them to know they were doing something that helped the country. The President tried to persuade the citizens with his speeches that it was just and there was a reason for the war. In conclusion, the question asked was do I believe everything Pericles says about Athens in the Funeral Oration. The answer to that would be no. I do not believe that Pericles was there to honor the fallen soldiers. I belie ve he was there to persuade the citizens and the soldiers that what they were doing was right and was just and if they continued then they would be glorified.

sales development and Merchandising Essay - 1212 Words

Task A Research report describing the elements of the product in a business and services context After selecting a hotel of your choice, carry out an individual research into the element of the product of this hotel, and produce a written report of your findings which should include: a) A discussion about the key components of the product and how the product mix contributes to sales and profit (ref. 1.1, 1.2) b) An assessment on how market segmentation contribute to maximise sales (ref. 1.3) Task B Research report describing the external sales development techniques Carry out an individual research into external sales techniques using the same hotel you selected for task A and produce a written report of your findings which should†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœCollusion occurs when, unless with official approval (e.g. in the case of group projects), two or more students consciously collaborate in the preparation and production of work which is ultimately submitted by each in an identical, or substantially similar, form and/or is represented by each to be the product of his or her individual efforts. Collusion also occurs where there is unauthorised co-operation between a student and another person in the preparation and production of work which is presented as the student’s own. (ibid)’ Programme: BTEC Higher National Diploma in Hospitality Management Unit Title and Number: Sales Development and Merchandising (Unit 16) Module Tutor: Pratika Teyssedou Learner’s Name :__________________________________Learner ID:____________ Assessment Criteria Met Evidence Feedback 1.1 evaluate the key components of the product 1.2 discuss the range of contributions to sales and profit of elements in the product mix 1.3 assess how market segmentation contributes to sales maximisation 2.1 discuss the factors affecting buyer behaviour 2.2 assess appropriate advertising media for sales development situations 2.3 evaluate the role ofShow MoreRelatedJob Analysis : Visual Merchandising And Store Manager1469 Words   |  6 PagesJob Analysis: Visual Merchandising and Store Manager This paper analyzes the position of a visual merchandising and store manager. It documents critical factors for entry and promotion, fundamental duties, and critical skills, knowledge, and abilities. 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